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Solar Radiation Modification

Solar Radiation Modification (SRM), also known as Solar Radiation Management, Radiation Modification Measures or Solar Geoengineering, would aim to address a symptom of climate change by reflecting more sunlight back into space, or by allowing more infrared radiation from Earth to escape, in order to reduce the Earth’s temperature. It includes numerous proposed methods which differ significantly. None are ready for deployment. Solar Radiation Modification could not be a substitute for reducing emissions, or removing atmospheric CO₂.

Infographics

Insight videos

Solar Radiation Modification: The need for governance

Solar Radiation Modification and the Intergovernmental Pannel on Climate Change

Solar Radiation Modification: Moral hazard, moral imperative

Solar Radiation Modification: Governance options

Solar Radiation Modification: Risk-risk trade-offs

Solar Radiation Modification: Governance gaps and challenges

Solar Radiation Modification and the Sustainable Development Goals

Publications

14 September 2023 Status of global activities on solar radiation modification and its governance
6 Mar 2023 Status of global activities on solar radiation modification and its governance
16 Aug 2022 Solar Radiation Modification: Moral hazard – Moral imperative (中文) (Français) (Español)
16 Aug 2022 Solar Radiation Modification: What does the IPCC tell us? (中文) (Français) (Español)
9 Aug 2022 Solar Radiation Modification: Potential options for international governance (中文) (Français) (Español)
7 April 2022 Briefing Note: Solar Radiation Modification in the IPCC AR6 WG III (中文) (Français) (Español)
7 April 2022 Solar Radiation Modification: Governance gaps and challenges (Summary) (中文) (Français) (Español)
8 Mar 2022 Solar Radiation Modification: A Risk-Risk Analysis (Summary) (Français) (Español)
8 Mar 2022 Briefing Note: Solar Radiation Modification in the IPCC AR6 WG II (中文) (Français) (Español)
10 Aug 2021 Briefing Note: Solar Radiation Modification in the IPCC AR6 WGI
2 August 2021 Evidence Brief: Climate-altering Approaches and the Arctic
25 Mar 2021 Policy Brief: Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and its Governance
25 Mar 2021 Evidence Brief: Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and its Governance
17 Mar 2021 Policy Brief: Climate-Altering Approaches and the Arctic (中文) (Français) (Español) (Pусский)
26 Nov 2019 Policy Brief: Governing Solar Radiation Modification (中文) (Français) (Español)
21 Jan 2020 Evidence Brief: Governing Solar Radiation Modification (中文) (Español) (Français)
5 Aug 2019 Policy Brief: Governing Marine Solar Radiation Modification (中文) (Français) (Español)
9 Aug 2019 Evidence Brief: Governing Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Modification
25 May 2018 Carbon Removal and Solar Geoengineering: Potential implications for delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals

C2GLearn

Introduction to the governance of Solar Radiation Modification

Solar Radiation Modification and the Sustainable Development Goals

Governance of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection

Governance of Marine Cloud Brightening

How does the Working Group-I report of the IPCC Sixth Assessment address Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Modification?

How does the Working Group-II report of the IPCC Sixth Assessment address Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Modification?

How does the Working Group-III Report of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Address Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Modification?

C2GTalk

How might solar radiation modification be put on the international governance agenda?

How can fiction help people think about Solar Radiation Modification?

Should scientists be allowed to do outdoor research on solar radiation modification?

How does society view solar radiation modification experiments?

How has the governance of solar radiation modification progressed in recent years?

Should the world consider solar radiation modification, in light of the latest IPCC findings?

What role might carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation modification play in IPCC pathways to achieve the Paris Agreement?

What are the challenges facing international governance of solar radiation modification?

Why did the Saami Council oppose Harvard’s SCoPEx experiment?

How will global warming impact society, both economically and socially?

How should policymakers address the risk of climate tipping points?

Should the Caribbean region be involved in solar radiation modification research?

How can the world put justice at the heart of governing climate-altering technologies?

How can solar radiation modification governance account for different political and ethical perspectives?

¿Cuáles han sido las implicaciones de la experimentación de la modificación de la radiación solar en México?

What can small islands bring to tackling the climate crisis?

How can Global South civil society be engaged in deliberations about Solar Radiation Modification?

How can young people in the Global South engage in the governance of solar radiation modification?

How can young people take part in Solar Radiation Modification governance?

C2GDiscuss

Governing Solar Radiation Modification Research: Insights from Marine Cloud Brightening and the Great Barrier Reef

Ocean-based climate altering approaches in context: the ocean-climate nexus

Youth perspectives on the governance of solar radiation modification in the face of global warming overshoot

Blogs

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Videos

C2GLearn Webinar: Introduction to the governance of Solar Radiation Modification – Anna-Marie Hubert

C2GLearn WebinarIntroduction to the governance of Solar Radiation Modification - Anna-Marie HubertIn this presentation, Anna-Marie Hubert (University of Calgary Faculty of Law) discusses the governance of Solar Radiation Modification. This was the third of three...

C2GLearn Webinar: Introduction to the governance of Solar Radiation Modification – Douglas MacMartin

C2GLearn WebinarIntroduction to the governance of Solar Radiation Modification - Douglas MacMartinIn this presentation, Douglas MacMartin (Cornell University) discusses key Solar Radiation Modification approaches and their governance challenges. This was the second of...

C2GLearn Webinar: Introduction to the governance of Solar Radiation Modification – Thelma Krug

C2GLearn WebinarIntroduction to the governance of Solar Radiation Modification - Thelma KrugIn this presentation, International Panel on Climate Change Vice-Chair Thelma Krug discusses what Solar Radiation Modification is, and why its governance is important. This was...

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Icons

In the interest of promoting global discussion about the need for governance of Solar Radiation Modification, C2G developed a set of icons representing these approaches, available to all to use freely.